Starting as a Middleweight when he debuted in April 2005, Maxim Vlasov continued on to gradually move up and down in weight divisions throughout his career. After a nineteen match unbeaten winning run where he won the WBC-ACBO title as a Super Middleweight, Vlasov ended up in a surprise UD loss to then former IBO Super Middleweight world champion Isaac Chilemba in 2011.

Vlasov was quick to bounce back, and in the same year that he lost later that year in November he won the WBC Baltic Super Middleweight title. The next three years, Vlasov continued to move up the rankings and moved up to the Light-Heavyweight division at some point. In 2014, he faced future WBO Light-Heavyweight world champion Gilberto Ramírez but ended up losing by uinanimous decision.

He picked up form with a winning streak following his defeat. By 2016, he had moved up to the Cruiserweight division and he won several international/continental titles from 2016 to 2017. In 2018 he entered the WBSS (World Boxing Super Series) for the Cruiserweight division but he lost in the quarter-final to Krzysztof Głowacki by UD, missing out on a chance to win the interim version of the WBO Cruiserweight world title.

Maxim Vlasov moved down to Light-Heavyweight and after winning another international title in 2019  he faced Joe Smith Jr. for the vacant WBO World Light-Heavyweight title in 2021. The match ended in a majority decision for Joe Smith in an evenly-matched bout that went back and forth, and featured a unique clash of styles. He returned later that year in December to beat high-ranked Cuban boxer Felix Valera on points.

In 2022 he faced another setback when the fight was stopped by the referee after he was getting overwhelmed by opponent Dilmurod Satybaldiev, and didn’t properly respond to indicate he was still in the fight. He thus suffered the 5th loss of his career.